Irrigation accounts for~ 70% of global freshwater withdrawals and~ 90% of consumptive
water use, driving myriad Earth system impacts. In this Review, we summarize how irrigation …

Many previous studies have estimated the carrying capacity and feasible planetary
boundaries for humankind. However, less attention has been given to how we will …

Climate change and human activities increasingly threaten lakes that store 87% of Earth's
liquid surface fresh water. Yet, recent trends and drivers of lake volume change remain …

Terrestrial water storage (TWS) modulates the hydrological cycle and is a key determinant of
water availability and an indicator of drought. While historical TWS variations have been …

Water scarcity threatens people in various regions, and has predominantly been studied
from a water quantity perspective only. Here we show that global water scarcity is driven by …

Continually improving and affordable wastewater management provides opportunities for
both pollution reduction and clean water supply augmentation, while simultaneously …

Groundwater (GW) overexploitation is a critical issue in North China with large GW level
declines resulting in urban water scarcity, unsustainable agricultural production, and …

This paper describes the GISS‐E2. 1 contribution to the Coupled Model Intercomparison
Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6). This model version differs from the predecessor model (GISS‐E2) …

Inadequate water quality can mean that water is unsuitable for a variety of human uses, thus
exacerbating freshwater scarcity. Previous large-scale water scarcity assessments mostly …

Climate change was projected to have negative effects on water availability and
consequently a serious constraint to food production in many areas of the world. However …