Joint diseases are one of the most common causes of morbidity and disability worldwide.
The main diseases that affect joint cartilage are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent whole-joint disease that causes disability and pain
and affects a patient's quality of life. However, currently, there is a lack of effective early …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles (< 200 nm), play a vital
role in intercellular communication and carry a net negative surface charge under …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are becoming promising tools for clinical application, either as
sources of disease-specific molecular signatures for the unraveling of disease …

Lineage specific differentiation of host mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a necessary step
for bone repair/regeneration. Clinically, growth factors such as bone morphogenetic protein …

Biomimetic bone regeneration methods which demonstrate both clinical and manufacturing
feasibility, as alternatives to autogenic or allogenic bone grafting, remain a challenge to the …

Exosomes are small phospholipid bilayer vesicles that are naturally produced by all living
cells, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The exosomes due to their unique size, reduced …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most frequently used stem cells in clinical trials due
to their easy isolation from various adult tissues, their ability of homing to injury sites and …

The ability of bone for regeneration has long been recognized. However, once beyond a
critical size, spontaneous regeneration of bone is limited. Several studies have focused on …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown significant promises as nano-/micro-size carriers in
drug delivery and bioimaging. With more characteristics of EVs explored through …