Explaining broad molecular, phenotypic and species biodiversity patterns necessitates a
unifying framework spanning multiple evolutionary scales. Here we argue that although …

Phenotypic integration and modularity are ubiquitous features of complex organisms,
describing the magnitude and pattern of relationships among biological traits. A key …

As a result of the process of descent with modification, closely related species tend to be
similar to one another in a myriad different ways. In statistical terms, this means that traits …

Snakes and lizards (Squamata) represent a third of terrestrial vertebrates and exhibit
spectacular innovations in locomotion, feeding, and sensory processing. However, the …

The tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus)—the only living member of the reptilian order
Rhynchocephalia (Sphenodontia), once widespread across Gondwana,—is an iconic …

Rapid adaptive radiation poses two distinct questions apart from speciation and adaptation:
What happens after one speciation event and how do some lineages continue speciating …

Venom is a complex trait with substantial inter-and intraspecific variability resulting from
strong selective pressures acting on the expression of many toxic proteins. However …

Contents Summary 1170 I. Introduction 1170 II. Six key questions 1172 III. Three key
challenges 1177 IV. Conclusions 1181 Acknowledgements 1182 References 1183 …

Evolutionary rates play a central role in connecting micro-and macroevolution. All
evolutionary rate estimates, including rates of molecular evolution, trait evolution, and …

For centuries, biologists have been captivated by the vast disparity in species richness
between different groups of organisms. Variation in diversity is widely attributed to …