This paper presents a comprehensive review of studies on electrodialysis (ED) applications
in wastewater treatment, outlining the current status and the future prospect. ED is a …

The principle of electrodialysis (ED) desalination was first presented in 1890 by Maigrot and
Sabates, and its development into industrial scale started for more than 50 years ago. The …

We performed nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations and solvent
permeation experiments to unravel the mechanism of water transport in reverse osmosis …

Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) have been established as a key component in industrial
water desalination and electrolysis processes. Thus, nowadays, they are being studied and …

The need for unconventional sources of fresh water is pushing a fast development of
desalination technologies, which proved to be able to face and solve the problem of water …

Capacitive deionization (CDI) has been considered as the most promising and
environmentally friendly electrical desalination technology owing to its low energy …

Salinity gradient energy is currently attracting growing attention among the scientific
community as a renewable energy source. In particular, Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) is …

Combining two solutions of different composition releases the Gibbs free energy of mixing.
By using engineered processes to control the mixing, chemical energy stored in salinity …

Water reuse is one of the possible solutions to prevent depletion of freshwater resources;
however, it is often limited by the accumulation of specific ions in the recirculating water. Ion …

Recent years have seen extensive research on the preparation and properties of anion
exchange membranes. Nevertheless, there is as yet no rigorous scientific classification of …