Remodelling of the immune system with age—immunosenescence—is a substantial
contributor to poor health in older adults, with increasing risk of infections, cancer and …

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)(mainly cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic
respiratory diseases and type 2 diabetes) are the main causes of death worldwide. Their …

Context Circulating adipokines and ghrelin affect bone remodeling by regulating the
activation and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Although the correlation …

Communication between organs participates in most physiological and pathological events.
Owing to the importance of precise coordination among the liver and virtually all organs in …

Introduction Over the past few years, multiple observational studies have speculated a
potential association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative …

Excess fat deposition and insulin resistance are considered the main risk factors for
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and therefore, not surprisingly, the global …

Background Cytokines, chemokines, C-reactive proteins (CRP) and ferritin are known
inflammatory markers. However, cytokines such as interleukin (IL-1β),(IL-6) and tumour …

Controversy remains regarding the relationship between bone health and sleep. In the
literature, the effect of sleep on bone density in the clinical setting varies depending on the …

Chronic and systematic inflammation have been related to increased risks of osteopenia
and related fracture. However, studies concerning the association between low-grade …

The Hertfordshire Cohort Study is a nationally unique study of men and women born in the
English county of Hertfordshire in the early part of the 20 th century. Records that detail their …