The ALICE experiment was proposed in 1993, to study strongly-interacting matter at extreme
energy densities and temperatures. This proposal entailed a comprehensive investigation of …

This report describes the physics case, the resulting detector requirements, and the evolving
detector concepts for the experimental program at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC …

We review key measurements performed by CMS in the context of its heavy ion physics
program, using event samples collected in 2010–2018 with several collision systems and …

Abstract This White Paper presents an overview of the current status and future perspective
of QCD research, based on the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the 2022 …

High-energy cosmic rays are observed indirectly by detecting the extensive air showers
initiated in Earth's atmosphere. The interpretation of these observations relies on accurate …

This review aims at providing an extensive discussion of modern constraints relevant for
dense and hot strongly interacting matter. It includes theoretical first-principle results from …

At sufficiently high temperature and energy density, nuclear matter undergoes a transition to
a phase in which quarks and gluons are not confined: the quark–gluon plasma (QGP). Such …

Abstract The Large Hadron–Electron Collider (LHeC) is designed to move the field of deep
inelastic scattering (DIS) to the energy and intensity frontier of particle physics. Exploiting …

The bulk motion of nuclear matter at the ultrahigh temperatures created in heavy ion
collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider is well …

A bstract We present a new model for building up complete exclusive hadronic final states in
high energy nucleus collisions. It is a direct extrapolation of high energy pp collisions (as …