RNA modifications have recently emerged as critical posttranscriptional regulators of gene
expression programmes. Significant advances have been made in understanding the …

Abstract tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are an emerging category of small non-coding
RNAs that are generated from cleavage of mature tRNAs or tRNA precursors. The advance …

The deposition of chemical modifications into RNA is a crucial regulator of temporal and
spatial gene expression programs during development. Accordingly, altered RNA …

The discovery of the genetic code and tRNAs as decoders of the code transformed life
science. However, after establishing the role of tRNAs in protein synthesis, the field moved …

Codon usage bias, the preference for certain synonymous codons, is found in all genomes.
Although synonymous mutations were previously thought to be silent, a large body of …

Summary tRNA is the most extensively modified RNA in cells. On average, a bacterial tRNA
contains 8 modifications per molecule and a eukaryotic tRNA contains 13 modifications per …

Chemical RNA modifications are central features of epitranscriptomics, highlighted by the
discovery of modified ribonucleosides in mRNA and exemplified by the critical roles of RNA …

Methylation of riboses at 2′-OH group is one of the most common RNA modifications found
in number of cellular RNAs from almost any species which belong to all three life domains …

Modified nucleotides in tRNA are critical components of the translation apparatus, but their
importance in the process of translational regulation had until recently been greatly …

The success of bacterial pathogens depends on the coordinated expression of virulence
determinants. Regulatory circuits that drive pathogenesis are complex, multilayered, and …