Assumptions on the neural basis of cognition usually focus on cortical mechanisms. Birds
have no cortex, but recent studies in parrots and corvids show that their cognitive skills are …

Both mammals and birds can flexibly organize their behavior over time. In mammals, the
mental operations generating this ability are called executive functions and are associated …

The standard nomenclature that has been used for many telencephalic and related
brainstem structures in birds is based on flawed assumptions of homology to mammals. In …

In this review, we provide a brief overview over the current knowledge about the role of
dopamine transmission in the prefrontal cortex during learning and memory. We discuss …

Sleep supports memory consolidation. Based on studies in mammals, sleep-dependent
consolidation has been conceptualized as 'active system consolidation'. During waking …

Dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS) is found throughout
chordates, and its emergence predates the divergence of chordates. Many of the molecular …

The avian caudolateral neostriatum (NCL) was first identified on the basis of its dense
dopaminergic innervation. This fact and data from lesion studies have led to the notion that …

When making intertemporal decisions, ie, decisions between outcomes occurring at different
instants in time, humans and animals prefer rewards with short-term availability over …

Birds are excellent model organisms to study perceptual categorization and concept
formation. The renewed focus on avian neuroscience has sparked an explosion of new data …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is usually defined as the frontal cortical area receiving a
mediodorsal thalamic (MD) innervation. Certain areas in the medial wall of the rat frontal …