Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a clinically complex and heterogenous group of visual
impairment phenotypes caused by pathogenic variants in at least 277 nuclear and …

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulators of gene expression in
the immune system. Studies have shown that lncRNAs are expressed in a highly lineage …

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) convert adenosine to inosine in double-
stranded RNA. This A-to-I editing occurs not only in protein-coding regions of mRNAs, but …

The ADAR RNA-editing enzymes deaminate adenosine bases to inosines in cellular RNAs.
Aberrant interferon expression occurs in patients in whom ADAR1 mutations cause Aicardi …

RNA therapeutics have had a tremendous impact on medicine, recently exemplified by the
rapid development and deployment of mRNA vaccines to combat the COVID-19 pandemic …

MicroRNAs are small, highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules involved in the
regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerases II and III …

Specialized receptors that recognize molecular patterns such as double stranded RNA
duplexes—indicative of viral replication—are potent triggers of the innate immune system …

One type of RNA editing converts adenosines to inosines (A→ I editing) in double-stranded
RNA (dsRNA) substrates. A→ I RNA editing is mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on …

NEAT1 RNA, a highly abundant 4 kb ncRNA, is retained in nuclei in approximately 10 to 20
large foci that we show are completely coincident with paraspeckles, nuclear domains …

The nucleolus is a distinct subnuclear compartment that was first observed more than 200
years ago. Nucleoli assemble around the tandemly repeated ribosomal DNA gene clusters …