Tip** elements are components of the Earth system which may respond nonlinearly to
anthropogenic climate change by transitioning toward substantially different long‐term …

This paper shows recent progress in our understanding of climate variability and trends in
the Amazon region, and how these interact with land use change. The review includes an …

Climate tip** points occur when change in a part of the climate system becomes self-
perpetuating beyond a warming threshold, leading to substantial Earth system impacts …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments1, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

ES 6: 3-5 Replace “It is unequivocal that emissions of the well-mixed greenhouse gases
(GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) from human activities …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

Many feedback loops significantly increase warming due to greenhouse gas emissions.
However, not all of these feedbacks are fully accounted for in climate models. Thus …

Abstract An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 C above pre-
industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of …

Recent assessment reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and
the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services …

Canada's boreal forests, which occupy approximately 30% of boreal forests worldwide, play
an important role in the global carbon budget. However, there is little quantitative information …