Pain is a complex phenomenon, involving sensory and emotional experience, that is often
poorly understood, especially in infants, anesthetized patients, and others who cannot …

Pain is a complex and personal experience that presents diverse measurement challenges.
Different sensing technologies can be used as a surrogate measure of pain to overcome …

Multimodal emotion recognition (MMER) systems typically outperform unimodal systems by
leveraging the inter and intra-modal relationships between eg visual textual physiological …

In current clinical settings, typically pain is measured by a patient's self-reported information.
This subjective pain assessment results in suboptimal treatment plans, over-prescription of …

In recent decades, healthcare organizations around the world have increasingly appreciated
the value of information technologies for a variety of applications. Three of the new …

Pain is a complex and subjective experience that poses a number of measurement
challenges. While self-report by the patient is viewed as the gold standard of pain …

The standard method for prediction of the absence and presence of pain has long been self-
report. However, for patients with major cognitive or communicative impairments, it would be …

Traditional pain assessment approaches ranging from self-reporting methods, to
observational scales, rely on the ability of an individual to accurately assess and …

Automatic pain intensity assessment from physiological signals has become an appealing
approach, but it remains a largely unexplored research topic. Most studies have used …

The subjective nature of pain makes it a very challenging phenomenon to assess. Most of
the current pain assessment approaches rely on an individual's ability to recognise and …