Background Many international clinical guidelines recommend therapeutic exercise as a
core treatment for knee and hip osteoarthritis. We aimed to identify individual patient-level …

Systematic reviews often encounter primary studies that report multiple effect sizes based on
data from the same participants. These have the potential to introduce statistical …

Background: To quantify the association between effects of interventions on carotid intima-
media thickness (cIMT) progression and their effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk …

Meta‐analysis using individual participant data (IPD) obtains and synthesises the raw,
participant‐level data from a set of relevant studies. The IPD approach is becoming an …

To what extent are research results influenced by subjective decisions that scientists make
as they design studies? Fifteen research teams independently designed studies to answer …

Organisations such as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence require the
synthesis of evidence from existing studies to inform their decisions—for example, about the …

Meta‐analysis is an important tool for synthesizing research on a variety of topics in ecology
and evolution, including molecular ecology, but can be susceptible to nonindependence …

Precision medicine research often searches for treatment‐covariate interactions, which
refers to when a treatment effect (eg, measured as a mean difference, odds ratio, hazard …

Individual Participant Data (IPD) Meta-analyses of Randomised Controlled Trials: Guidance on
Their Use | PLOS Medicine Skip to main content Advertisement PLOS Medicine Browse Current …

Many randomized trials evaluate an intervention effect on time‐to‐event outcomes.
Individual participant data (IPD) from such trials can be obtained and combined in a so …