This review comprises a detailed survey of ongoing methodologies for soft actuators,
highlighting approaches suitable for nanometer‐to centimeter‐scale robotic applications …

In this paper, biomimetic underwater robots built using smart actuators, eg, a shape memory
alloy (SMA), an ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC), lead zirconate titanate (PZT), or a …

Biological muscles exhibit a high level of integration, in which actuators, sensors and
transmission elements can be included in one component. Artificial muscles or actuators …

Jellyfish are energy-efficient swimmers due to the muscle-powered flap** of their soft bell
that facilitates a unique energy recapture mechanism. In this paper, we present a bio …

This paper investigates fish-like aquatic robotics using flexible bimorphs made of macro-
fiber composite (MFC) piezoelectric laminates for carangiform locomotion. In addition to …

Manta rays achieve propulsion through the undulation of their pectoral fins, making them an
important subject of study in bionics due to their efficient and agile swimming characteristics …

仿生机器人是指依据仿生学原理, 模仿生物结构, 运动特性等设计的性能优越的机电系统,
已逐渐在反恐防爆, 太空探索, 抢险救灾等不适合由人来承担任务的环境中凸显出良好的应用 …

The soft robot is a kind of continuum robot, which is mainly made of soft elastic material or
malleable material. It can be continuously deformed in a limited space, and can obtain …

Bionic robot fish, as a kind of underwater robots, has already demonstrated great potential in
the ocean. Develo** soft actuators for the bionic robot fish has become a key issue. This …

A biomimetic underwater robot was designed utilizing ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC)
artificial muscles. The actuators were controlled by thermal and electrical inputs, taking …