This review comprises a detailed survey of ongoing methodologies for soft actuators,
highlighting approaches suitable for nanometer‐to centimeter‐scale robotic applications …

In this paper, biomimetic underwater robots built using smart actuators, eg, a shape memory
alloy (SMA), an ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC), lead zirconate titanate (PZT), or a …

Manta rays achieve propulsion through the undulation of their pectoral fins, making them an
important subject of study in bionics due to their efficient and agile swimming characteristics …

Jellyfish are energy-efficient swimmers due to the muscle-powered flap** of their soft bell
that facilitates a unique energy recapture mechanism. In this paper, we present a bio …

Biological muscles exhibit a high level of integration, in which actuators, sensors and
transmission elements can be included in one component. Artificial muscles or actuators …

This paper investigates fish-like aquatic robotics using flexible bimorphs made of macro-
fiber composite (MFC) piezoelectric laminates for carangiform locomotion. In addition to …

A biomimetic underwater robot was designed utilizing ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC)
artificial muscles. The actuators were controlled by thermal and electrical inputs, taking …

The soft robot is a kind of continuum robot, which is mainly made of soft elastic material or
malleable material. It can be continuously deformed in a limited space, and can obtain …

We simulate, validate and analyze the performance of a transformable tail of an adaptive
robotic fish based on the propulsion of three bio-inspired body deformations similar to those …

The aim of the present paper is to provide the state of the works in the field of hydrodynamics
and computational simulations to analyze biomimetic marine propulsors. Over the last years …