COVID-19 forced the human population to rethink its way of living. The threat posed by the
potential spread of the virus via an airborne transmission mode through ventilation systems …

Air-transmitted pathogens may cause severe epidemics, posing considerable threats to
public health and safety. Wearing a face mask is one of the most effective ways to prevent …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic of 2019 forced
widespread use of face coverings as a mandatory step towards reducing infection by the …

Introduction Face masks are regarded as effective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the dominant polypropylene (PP)-based masks …

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has aroused tremendous attention toward personal
protective equipment (PPE) in both scientific research and industrial manufacture. Despite …

Pandemics stress supply lines and generate shortages of personal protective equipment
(PPE), in part because most PPE is single-use and disposable, resulting in a need for …

Personal heating systems are getting increasing interest because of the need to reduce the
negative impact of cold weather on the health of people and animals. Heating the air before …

SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, spreads ia, by respiratory droplets. The use
of masks in preventing spread is controversial; masks are considered useless by many …

Medical professionals have complained of extreme discomfort and fatigue from continuous
wearing of N95 respirators (N95) overlaid with surgical masks (SM) and face shields (FS) …

At the end of the year 2019, a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV (COVID-19) with high infectivity
and lethality swept across the globe. At the time of writing, nearly 100 million people had …