Although proper pain evaluation is mandatory for establishing the appropriate therapy, self‐
reported pain level assessment has several limitations. Data‐driven artificial intelligence (AI) …

The increasing amount of data in electromyographic (EMG) signal research has greatly
increased the importance of develo** advanced data analysis and machine learning …

Pain is a complex phenomenon, involving sensory and emotional experience, that is often
poorly understood, especially in infants, anesthetized patients, and others who cannot …

Pain is a complex and personal experience that presents diverse measurement challenges.
Different sensing technologies can be used as a surrogate measure of pain to overcome …

Pain and pain chronification are incompletely understood and unresolved medical problems
that continue to have a high prevalence. 14 It has been accepted that pain is a complex …

Pain is a primary symptom in medicine, and accurate assessment is needed for proper
treatment. However, today's pain assessment methods are not sufficiently valid and reliable …

In current clinical settings, typically pain is measured by a patient's self-reported information.
This subjective pain assessment results in suboptimal treatment plans, over-prescription of …

Introduction Pain is the unpleasant sensation and emotional experience that leads to poor
quality of life for millions of people worldwide. Considering the complexity in understanding …

Bedside caregivers assess infants' pain at constant intervals by observing specific
behavioral and physiological signs of pain. This standard has two main limitations. The first …

Pain is a complex and subjective experience that poses a number of measurement
challenges. While self-report by the patient is viewed as the gold standard of pain …