The brain is supplied by an elaborate vascular network that originates extracranially and
reaches deep into the brain. The concept of the neurovascular unit provides a useful …

The brain harbors a unique ability to, figuratively speaking, shift its gears. During
wakefulness, the brain is geared fully toward processing information and behaving, while …

Sleep has a complex micro-architecture, encompassing micro-arousals, sleep spindles and
transitions between sleep stages. Fragmented sleep impairs memory consolidation …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder seen in age-
dependent dementia. There is currently no effective treatment for AD, which may be …

Summary Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, leads to respiratory symptoms that can be …

Throughout the body, lymphatic fluid movement supports critical functions including
clearance of excess fluid and metabolic waste. The glymphatic system is the analog of the …

The central nervous system is lined by meninges, classically known as dura, arachnoid, and
pia mater. We show the existence of a fourth meningeal layer that compartmentalizes the …

We review theoretical and numerical models of the glymphatic system, which circulates
cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid around the brain, facilitating solute transport. Models …

The blood vessels vascularizing the central nervous system exhibit a series of distinct
properties that tightly control the movement of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood …

Importance Disrupted sleep is common in aging and is associated with cognition. Age-
related changes to sleep are associated with multiple causes, including early Alzheimer …