The human microbiota has a fundamental role in host physiology and pathology. Gut
microbial alteration, also known as dysbiosis, is a condition associated not only with …

Inflammasomes are protein complexes of the innate immune system that initiate
inflammation in response to either exogenous pathogens or endogenous danger signals …

The function and regulation of different heterogeneous reactive states of astrocytes in
depression remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that neurotoxic reactive (A1-like) …

Increasing evidence suggests that the failure of clinical antidepressants may be related with
neuroinflammation. The NOD-, LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) …

Chronic ethanol exposure (CEE), which can lead to neuroinflammation, is an increasing risk
factor for depression disorder, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Recent …

We assessed the gut microbiota of 90 American young adults, comparing 43 participants
with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 47 healthy controls, and found that the MDD …

Data from clinical and preclinical studies indicate that immune dysregulation, specifically of
inflammatory processes, is associated with symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) …

Background Inflammasomes have been found to interact with the gut microbiota, and this
effect is associated with depression, but the mechanisms underlying this interaction have not …

Over the past three decades, an intricate interaction between immune activation, release of
pro-inflammatory cytokines and changes in brain circuits related to mood and behavior has …

The association and interaction between the central nervous system (CNS) and enteric
nervous system (ENS) is well established. Essentially ENS is the second brain, as we call it …