Continental arcs in Cordilleran orogenic systems display episodic changes in magma
production rate, alternating between flare ups (70–90 km 3 km− 1 Myr− 1) and lulls (< 20 km …

Earth owes its oxygenated atmosphere to its unique claim on life, but how the atmosphere
evolved from an initially oxygen-free state remains unresolved. The rise of atmospheric …

Although widely used, classification schemes for granitic rocks have until now failed to
separate slab failure from arc magmatism in collisional orogens. Our previous work showed …

On multimillion-year time scales, Earth has experienced warm ice-free and cold glacial
climates, but it is unknown whether transitions between these background climate states …

The early Earth's environment is controversial. Climatic estimates range from hot to glacial,
and inferred marine pH spans strongly alkaline to acidic. Better understanding of early …

Variations in continental volcanic arc emissions have the potential to control atmospheric
carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and climate change on multimillion-year time scales. Here we …

In this issue of Elements we explore the characteristics, potential causes, and implications of
episodic magmatism in arcs. A comparison of U–Pb bedrock and detrital zircon ages in arcs …

The existence of stabilizing feedbacks within Earth's climate system is generally thought to
be necessary for the persistence of liquid water and life. Over the course of Earth's history …

Chemical disequilibrium in planetary atmospheres has been proposed as a generalized
method for detecting life on exoplanets through remote spectroscopy. Among solar system …

This study presents a new laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-
ICPMS) based U-Pb geochronometric method for dating grossular-andradite (grandite) …