Alkaline igneous complexes host deposits of rare earth elements (REE), which represent
one of the most economically important resources of heavy REE and Yttrium (Y). The hosts …

We have collected transit times for the TRAPPIST-1 system with the Spitzer Space
Telescope over four years. We add to these ground-based, HST, and K2 transit-time …

A geologic time scale is a chronological system that separates the geological strata of a
planetary body into different units in temporal sequence and shows its progressive …

The giant impact hypothesis remains the leading theory for lunar origin. However, current
models struggle to explain the Moon's composition and isotopic similarity with Earth. Here …

A giant impact onto Earth led to the formation of the Moon, resulted in a lunar magma ocean
(LMO), and initiated the last event of core segregation on Earth. However, the timing and …

We report results of systematic experimental simulation of fractional crystallization of a lunar
magma ocean (LMO) with the Lunar Primitive Upper Mantle bulk composition. These results …

The Earth–Moon system is unusual in several respects. The Moon is roughly ¼ the radius of
the Earth—a larger satellite-to-planet size ratio than all known satellites other than Pluto's …

Close encounters between two bodies in a disc often result in a single orbital deflection.
However, within their Jacobi volumes, where the gravitational forces between the two bodies …

The Moon is depleted in water and other volatiles compared to Earth and the bulk solar
composition. Such depletion of volatile elements and the stable isotope fractionations of …

We discuss major challenges in modeling giant impacts between planetary bodies, focusing
on the equations of state (EOS). During the giant impact stage of planet formation, rocky …