Background Many lower-limb exoskeletons have been developed to assist gait, exhibiting a
large range of control methods. The goal of this paper is to review and classify these control …

Gait disorders can reduce the quality of life for people with neuromuscular impairments.
Therefore, walking recovery is one of the main priorities for counteracting sedentary lifestyle …

As physiological signals that are closely related to human motion, surface electromyography
(sEMG) signals have been widely used in human-robot interaction systems (HRISs). Some …

Lower extremity robotic exoskeletons (LEEX) can not only improve the ability of the human
body but also provide healing treatment for people with lower extremity dysfunction. There …

Background In the past decade, there has been substantial progress in the development of
robotic controllers that specify how lower-limb exoskeletons should interact with brain …

Upper limb exoskeletons have drawn significant attention in neurorehabilitation because of
the anthropomorphic mechanical structure analogous to human anatomy. Whereas, the …

The rate of development of robotic technologies has been meteoric, as a result of
compounded advancements in hardware and software. Amongst these robotic technologies …

Purpose The purpose of this review paper is to address the substantial challenges of the
outdated exoskeletons used for rehabilitation and further study the current advancements in …

More recently, lower limb exoskeletons (LLE) have gained considerable interests in strength
augmentation, rehabilitation, and walking assistance scenarios. For walking assistance, the …

Lower-limb robotic exoskeletons have become powerful tools to assist or rehabilitate the gait
of subjects with impaired walking, even when they are designed to act only partially over the …