Vascular complications of diabetes pose a severe threat to human health. Prevention and
treatment protocols based on a single vascular complication are no longer suitable for the …

The endothelium, a cellular monolayer lining the blood vessel wall, plays a critical role in
maintaining multiorgan health and homeostasis. Endothelial functions in health include …

As knowledge of cell metabolism has advanced, glutamine has been considered an
important amino acid that supplies carbon and nitrogen to fuel biosynthesis. A recent study …

The inflammatory response involves the activation of several cell types to fight insults
caused by a plethora of agents, and to maintain the tissue homoeostasis. On the one hand …

In 2009, it was postulated that endothelial cells (ECs) would only be able to execute the
orders of growth factors if these cells would accordingly adapt their metabolism. Ten years …

The formation of new blood vessels, or angiogenesis, is a complex process that plays
important roles in growth and development, tissue and organ regeneration, as well as …

T lymphocytes (T cells) are divided into two functionally different subgroups the CD4+ T
helper cells (Th) and the CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Adequate CD4 and CD8 T …

Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are
active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life …

Endothelial cell (EC) metabolism is an emerging target for anti-angiogenic therapy in tumor
angiogenesis and choroidal neovascularization (CNV), but little is known about individual …

Complex multicellular life in mammals relies on functional cooperation of different organs for
the survival of the whole organism. The kidneys play a critical part in this process through …