Natural photosynthesis is an efficient biochemical process which converts solar energy into
energy-rich carbohydrates. By understanding the key photoelectrochemical processes and …

With the advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), new, high-throughput serial
crystallography techniques for macromolecular structure determination have emerged …

In natural photosynthesis, the light-driven splitting of water into electrons, protons and
molecular oxygen forms the first step of the solar-to-chemical energy conversion process …

We present the first lasing results of SwissFEL, a hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) that
recently came into operation at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. SwissFEL is a very …

Inspired by the period-four oscillation in flash-induced oxygen evolution of photosystem II
discovered by Joliot in 1969, Kok performed additional experiments and proposed a five …

BACKGROUND Conformational changes are essential for the correct functioning of
biological macromolecules. Time-resolved x-ray crystallography extends an extremely …

Capturing and converting solar energy into fuels and feedstocks is a global challenge that
spans numerous disciplines and fields of research. Billions of years of evolution have …

Photosystem II (PSII) is a huge membrane-protein complex consisting of 20 different
subunits with a total molecular mass of 350 kDa for a monomer. It catalyses light-driven …

The sustainable production of clean energy constitutes one of the most important scientific
challenges of the 21st century. Currently, the major part of the global energy supply is …

Photosynthesis converts light energy into biologically useful chemical energy vital to life on
Earth. The initial reaction of photosynthesis takes place in photosystem II (PSII), a 700 …