Structured light, especially beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), has gained
much interest due to its unique amplitude and phase structures. In terms of communication …

Time, polarization, and wavelength multiplexing schemes have been used to satisfy the
growing need of transmission capacity. Using space as a new dimension for communication …

Free-space optical communication is a promising means to establish versatile, secure and
high-bandwidth communication between mobile nodes for many critical applications. While …

With the ever-increasing demand for data and the radio frequency spectrum becoming
congested, free space optics (FSO) may find a niche for situations where fiber is too …

Optical communication is an integral part of the modern economy, having all but replaced
electronic communication systems. Future growth in bandwidth appears to be on the horizon …

In this paper, we propose an adaptive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) free-space
optical (FSO) links using an orbital-angular-momentum (OAM)-multiplexed based on the …

This review paper discusses the complete evolution of free-space optical (FSO)
communication, also known as unguided optical communication (UOC) technologies, all the …

Vast geographical distances in Africa are a leading cause for the so-called digital divide due
to the high cost of installing fiber. Free-space optical (FSO) communications offer a …

Optical wireless communication (OWC) using intensity-modulation and direct-detection
(IM/DD) has a channel model which possesses unique features, due to the constraints …

To overcome atmospheric turbulence (AT) distortion during signal propagation through the
optical link, orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode states employing multiple inputs and …