Forest biodiversity studies conducted across Europe use a multitude of forestry terms, often
inconsistently. This hinders the comparability across studies and makes the assessment of …

Managing forests to sustain their diversity and functioning is a major challenge in a
changing world. Despite the key role of understory vegetation in driving forest biodiversity …

Objectives Our aim was to enhance the understanding of connectivity studies in European
forests to inform conservation efforts, guide future research, and identify potential knowledge …

The global decline of biodiversity has affected European forests, involving many tree
species and forest-dwelling threatened animals. An integrated approach linking forest …

The report benefited from the helpful comments from external reviewers, Anne Toppinen,
University of Helsinki, Nils Droste, Lund University, and Wendelin von Gravenreuth. We wish …

Managed forests represent a major fraction of the global forest area and are known to host
impoverished biodiversity compared to natural forests. The effect of forest management has …

Assessing forest biodiversity, naturalness and old-growth status (BN-OG) is crucial for
supporting sustainable forest planning, yet comprehensive monitoring networks specifically …

Abandonment of traditional management is among the major causes of the loss of temperate
forest biodiversity. While numerous studies highlight the positive impact of restoring …

Several regional initiatives and reporting efforts assess the state of forest biodiversity
through broad-scale indicators based on data from national forest inventories. Although …

Global climate change, biodiversity decline, and increasing disturbances are challenging
the health and resilience of forests. In this regard, forest managers have sought to promote …