Low‐elevation coastal areas are increasingly vulnerable to seawater flooding as sea levels
rise and the frequency and intensity of large storms increase with climate change. Seawater …

Faced with sea level rise and the intensification of extreme events, human populations living
on the coasts are develo** responses to address local situations. A synthesis of the …

Wind-waves have an important role in Earth system dynamics through air–sea interactions
and are key drivers of coastal and offshore hydro-morphodynamics that affect communities …

Increasing population size and economic dependence on the coastal zone, coupled with the
growing need for residential, agricultural, industrial, commercial and green space …

Global coastal areas are at risk due to geomorphological issues, climate change-induced
sea-level rise, and increasing human population, settlements, and socioeconomic activities …

Adaptation to future sea-level rise is based on projections of continuously improving climate
models. These projections are accompanied by inherent uncertainties, including those due …

Understanding uncertainties in extreme wind-wave events is essential for offshore/coastal
risk and adaptation estimates. Despite this, uncertainties in contemporary extreme wave …

Abstract The West African coastal population and ecosystems are increasingly exposed to a
multitude of hazards. These are likely to be exacerbated by global climate change and direct …

Despite their economic importance, the risk that ports face from multiple natural hazards has
not yet been monetised on a global scale. Here, we perform an asset-level risk analysis of …

Coastal flood damage is primarily the result of extreme sea levels. Climate change is
expected to drive an increase in these extremes. While proper estimation of changes in …