Episodic memory relies on the hippocampus, a heterogeneous brain region with distinct
functions. Spatial representations in the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) are crucial for …

Social memory consists of two processes: the detection of familiar compared with novel
conspecifics and the detailed recollection of past social episodes. We investigated the …

How do we recollect specific events that have occurred during continuous ongoing
experience? There is converging evidence from non-human animals that spatially …

Hippocampal place cells support reward-related spatial memories by forming a cognitive
map that over-represents reward locations. The strength of these memories is modulated by …

Naturalistic escape requires versatile context-specific flight with rapid evaluation of local
geometry to identify and use efficient escape routes. It is unknown how spatial navigation …

Throughout life animals inevitably encounter unforeseen threatening events. Activity of
principal cells in the hippocampus is tuned for locations and for salient stimuli in the animals' …

Neuroscientists are searching for the engram within the conceptual framework established
by John Locke's theory of mind. This framework was elaborated before the development of …

Escape from threats has paramount importance for survival. However, it is unknown if a
single circuit controls escape vigor from innate and conditioned threats. Cholecystokinin …

The brainstem dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) has been widely recognized as being a
vital node orchestrating the responses to innate threats. Intriguingly, recent evidence also …

Animals must balance needs to approach threats for risk assessment and to avoid danger.
The dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) controls defensive behaviors, but it is unknown how …