Tannic acid (TA), a natural polyphenol, is a hydrolysable amphiphilic tannin derivative of
gallic acid with several galloyl groups in its structure. Tannic acid interacts with various …

Biomaterials-based biofabrication methods have gained much attention in recent years.
Among them, 3D cell printing is a pioneering technology to facilitate the recapitulation of …

Collagen is the most abundant structural protein found in humans and mammals, particularly
in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Its primary function is to hold the body together. The …

Natural polysaccharides are being studied for their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low
toxicity, and low cost in the fabrication of various hydrogel devices. However, due to their …

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has become a clinically standard modality for the
treatment of localized jawbone defects. Barrier membranes play an important role in this …

Objectives Efforts towards achieving durable resin–dentin bonds have been made for
decades, including the understanding of the mechanisms underlying hybrid layer (HL) …

Biological materials have robust hierarchical structures capable of specialized functions and
the incorporation of natural biologically active components, which have been finely tuned …

Biomaterials made from proteins, polysaccharides, and synthetic biopolymers are preferred
but lack the mechanical properties and stability in aqueous environments necessary for …

Hydrogels are important materials that are of high scientific interest and with numerous
applications. Natural polymer‐based hydrogels are preferred to synthetic ones due to their …

Leather industry has significant economic influence; however, it suffers from the negative
impact due to environmental pollution caused by tannery wastes produced during leather …