Innate immunity is a semi‐specific and widely distributed form of immunity, which represents
the first line of defence against pathogens. This type of immunity is critical to maintain …

Aquaculture is a growing industry worldwide, but it faces challenges related to animal
health. These challenges include infections by parasites, bacteria, and viral pathogens …

Natural antibodies (NAb) are defined as germline encoded immunoglobulins found in
individuals without (known) prior antigenic experience. NAb bind exogenous (eg, bacterial) …

The Flexible Phenotype attempts a true synthesis of physiology, behaviour, and ecology by
develo** an empirical argument that describes the intimate connections between …

Immune defenses have been suggested to play an important role in mediating life history
trade-offs. Detecting and understanding such trade-offs, however, is complicated by the …

With recent advances in molecular techniques, collecting blood from birds has become a
common practice among field ornithologists. There are a variety of techniques for collecting …

Over the past decade, there has been a substantial increase in interest in the immune
system and the role it plays in the regulation of disease susceptibility, giving rise to the field …

Commensal bacteria in the intestine play an important role in the development of immune
response. These bacteria interact with cells of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) …

Studies that blend a comparative approach to immunology with an appreciation for
physiological ecology are defining an important new field in biology—ecological …

We studied the relationship between one component of immune function and basal
metabolic rate (BMR), an indicator of the 'pace-of-life syndrome', among 12 tropical bird …