The course of pupillary constriction and dilation provides an easy-to-access, inexpensive,
and noninvasive readout of brain activity. We propose a new taxonomy of factors affecting …

Cognitively driven pupil modulations reflect certain underlying brain functions. What do
these reflections tell us? Here, we review findings that have identified key roles for three …

Pupillometry research has experienced an enormous revival in the last two decades. Here
we briefly review the surge of recent studies on task-evoked pupil dilation in the context of …

Rapid variations in cortical state during wakefulness have a strong influence on neural and
behavioural responses and are tightly coupled to changes in pupil size across species …

This review provides an introduction to two eyetracking measures that can be used to study
cognitive development and plasticity: pupil dilation and spontaneous blink rate. We begin by …

Changes in pupil diameter that reflect effort and other cognitive factors are often interpreted
in terms of the activity of norepinephrine-containing neurons in the brainstem nucleus locus …

The state of the brain and body constantly varies on rapid and slow timescales. These
variations contribute to the apparent noisiness of sensory responses at both the neural and …

Emotional arousal enhances perception and memory of high-priority information but impairs
processing of other information. Here, we propose that, under arousal, local glutamate levels …

This review aims to synthesise a large pre-clinical and clinical literature related to a
hypothesised role of the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system in responses to acute and …

Pupillometry has long been used as a measure of brain state. Changes in pupil diameter are
thought to coincide with the activity of neuromodulators, including noradrenaline and …