Despite their reputation for being elusive, deer are in fact highly vocal animals. Conspicuous
calls have been systematically found in both sexes of all studied species, and one genus …

Sexual size dimorphism may evolve as a result of both natural and sexual selection. In
polygynous mammals, the main factor resulting in the evolution of large body size in males …

Body size is a key determinant of male fighting ability and reproductive success in many
animal species, but relationships between these variables have only rarely been examined …

Background Models of honest advertisement predict that sexually selected calls should
signal male quality. In most vertebrates, high quality males have larger body sizes that …

Income and capital breeding describe two dichotomous breeding strategies that
characterise the allocation of resources to reproduction. Capital breeders utilise stored …

Positive relationships between age, sexually selected traits, and male reproductive success
have been reported for a number of polygynous ungulates; however, relatively little is known …

Inequalities in reproductive success or resource acquisition are fundamental to evolution
and population ecology. There is, however, no unique way to measure inequality. We review …

Survival and reproduction are key features in the evolution of life–history strategies. In this
study, we use capture–mark–resighting and multi–state models to examine survival …

Mammals are able to distinguish conspecifics based on vocal cues, and the acoustic
structure of mammal vocalizations is directly affected by the anatomy and action of the vocal …

Background Male sexually selected vocalisations generally contain both individuality and
quality cues that are crucial in intra-as well as inter-sexual communication. As individuality is …