Biological insurance theory predicts that, in a variable environment, aggregate ecosystem
properties will vary less in more diverse communities because declines in the performance …

Originally conceived to conserve iconic landscapes and wildlife, protected areas are now
expected to achieve an increasingly diverse set of conservation, social and economic …

The blue economy is being promoted as capable of achieving sustainability and prosperity,
fair use of the ocean and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Ensuring a more …

The rapidly evolving ocean economy, driven by human needs for food, energy,
transportation and recreation, has led to unprecedented pressures on the ocean that are …

BACKGROUND Many key global sustainability challenges are closely intertwined
(examples are provided in the figure). These challenges include air pollution, biodiversity …

BACKGROUND Comparing patterns of terrestrial and marine defaunation helps to place
human impacts on marine fauna in context and to navigate toward recovery. Defaunation …

Recent calls for ocean planning envision informed management of social and ecological
systems to sustain delivery of ecosystem services to people. However, until now, no coastal …

Most spatial marine management techniques (eg, marine protected areas) draw stationary
boundaries around often mobile marine features, animals, or resource users. While these …

Abstract Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) offers the possibility of democratising management
of the seas. MSP is, however, increasingly implemented as a form of post-political planning …

Many conservation plans remain unimplemented, in part because of insufficient
consideration of the social processes that influence conservation decisions. Complementing …