Prolactin (PRL) and Its Receptor: Actions, Signal Transduction Pathways and Phenotypes
Observed in PRL Receptor Knockout Mice | Endocrine Reviews | Oxford Academic Skip to Main …

Pragnancy has commonly been viewed as a cooperative interaction between a mother and
her fetus. The effects of natural selection on genes expressed in fetuses, however, may be …

The human growth hormone (hGH)/human placental lactogen (hPL) gene family, which
consists of two GH and three PL genes, is important in the regulation of maternal and fetal …

The placenta is an endocrine fetal organ, which secretes a plethora of steroid-and proteo-
hormones, metabolic proteins, growth factors, and cytokines in order to adapt maternal …

I. Introduction A BOUT 5 yr ago it was discovered that a protein which was secreted in
quantity by preimplantation sheep conceptuses and implicated in preventing luteolysis …

The biological actions of growth hormone (GH) are pleiotropic, including growth promotion,
energy mobilization, gonadal development, appetite, and social behavior. Accordingly, the …

It is now apparent that regulation of blood vessel growth contributes to the classical actions
of hormones on development, growth, and reproduction. Endothelial cells are ideally …

Angiogenesis, the process of development of a new microvasculature, is regulated by a
balance of positive and negative factors. We show both in vivo and in vitro that the members …

I. Introduction PRL PL, and GH are homologous proteins that are thought to have arisen from
a common ancestral gene by two successive tandem duplications (Refs. 1–5; for review, see …

Placental lactogen (PL) is a peptide hormone secreted throughout pregnancy by both
animal and human specialized endocrine cells. PL plays an important role in the regulation …