Interactions between species are usually categorized as either competition (--),
predation/parasitism (+-), mutualism (++), commensalism (+ 0), or amensalism (-0) …

▪ Abstract Lentic freshwater habitats in temperate regions exist along a gradient from small
ephemeral ponds to large permanent lakes. This environmental continuum is a useful axis …

Community ecology: the study of the patterns and processes involving two or more species-
has developed rapidly in the last two decades, driven by new and more sophisticated …

A central controversy in ecology addresses the relative importance of competi-tion and
predation in determining the characteristics of organisms (eg behavior, life history) …

Predation can be intense, creating strong direct and indirect effects throughout food webs,,,.
In addition, ecologists increasingly recognize that fluxes of organisms across ecosystem …

In population models, omnivorous predation (ie, predation on> 1 trophic level) generally has
a destabilizing influence, whereas habitat heterogeneity tends to stabilize both predatory …

Cascading trophic interactions are important in many freshwater pelagic food webs, but their
importance in more complex, omnivore—rich littoral—zone food webs is less well known …

The effects of submerged macrophytes and light on the foraging behaviour and capture rate
of three fishes, perch (Perca fluviatilis), bream (Abramis brama) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) …

In northern Wisconsin lakes, the introduced crayfish Orconectes rusticus is replacing O.
propinquus, a previous invader, and O. virilis, a native crayfish. Herein, we explore how fish …

In size—structured populations interspecific competitors often have been suggested to have
their greatest impact on the juvenile life stage. We hypothesized that roach (Rutilus rutilus) …