Medial arterial calcification (MAC) is a chronic systemic vascular disorder distinct from
atherosclerosis that is frequently but not always associated with diabetes mellitus, chronic …

Abstract The Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a dimeric family CG protein-coupled receptor
that is expressed in calcitropic tissues such as the parathyroid glands and the kidneys and …

In this narrative review, the biological/biochemical impact (toxicity) of a large array of known
individual uremic retention solutes and groups of solutes is summarized. We classified these …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with the development of mineral bone disorder
(MBD), osteoporosis, and fragility fractures. Among CKD patients, adynamic bone disease or …

Background Disorders of mineral metabolism, including secondary hyperparathyroidism, are
thought to contribute to extraskeletal (including vascular) calcification among patients with …

Vascular calcification (VC), particularly medial (Mönckeberg's medial sclerosis) arterial
calcification, is common in patients with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease and is …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit tremendously elevated risk for
cardiovascular disease, particularly ischemic heart disease, due to premature vascular and …

A high prevalence of vascular calcification (VC) and a high incidence of cardiovascular
events are two key complications of chronic kidney disease. Since most observational …

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a challenge frequently encountered in the
management of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Downregulation of the …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have
significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that is in part due to the development of …