Embryo-derived tissue-resident macrophages are the first representatives of the
haematopoietic lineage to emerge in metazoans. In mammals, resident macrophages …

Cancer immunotherapy, mainly including immune checkpoints-targeted therapy and the
adoptive transfer of engineered immune cells, has revolutionized the oncology landscape as …

The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has now been universally
acknowledged as a significant breakthrough in tumor therapy after the targeted treatment of …

Radiotherapy (RT) is delivered for purposes of local control, but can also exert systemic
effect on remote and non-irradiated tumor deposits, which is called abscopal effect. The view …

Immunogenic cell death (ICD), which results from insufficient cellular adaptation to specific
stressors, occupies a central position in the development of novel anticancer treatments …

The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to ER
stress, resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that aims to restore …

As a key component of the standard of care for glioblastoma, radiotherapy induces several
immune resistance mechanisms, such as upregulation of CD47 and PD-L1. Here …

The innate immune pathway is receiving increasing attention in cancer therapy. This
pathway is ubiquitous across various cell types, not only in innate immune cells but also in …

According to the widely accepted" three Es" model, the host immune system eliminates
malignant cell precursors and contains microscopic neoplasms in a dynamic equilibrium …

Multiple modes of cell death have been identified, each with a unique function and each
induced in a setting-dependent manner. As billions of cells die during mammalian …