In agro-ecosystem, plant pathogens hamper food quality, crop yield, and global food
security. Manipulation of naturally occurring defense mechanisms in host plants is an …

Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens.
Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling …

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of diseases caused by bacterial,
fungal, and viral infections. Infections affect plants at different stages of agricultural …

Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two
decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based …

Plants can be colonized by fungi that have adopted highly diverse lifestyles, ranging from
symbiotic to necrotrophic. Colonization is governed in all systems by hundreds of secreted …

The community structure in the plant-associated microbiome depends collectively on host–
microbe, microbe–microbe and host–microbe–microbe interactions. The ensemble of …

Plants have developed effective mechanisms to recognize and respond to infections caused
by pathogens. Plant resistance gene analogs (RGAs), as resistance (R) gene candidates …

Pathogenic fungi have diverse growth lifestyles that support fungal colonization on plants.
Successful colonization and infection for all lifestyles depends upon the ability to modify …

Background Among the environmental limitations that affect plant growth, viruses cause
major crop losses worldwide and represent serious threats to food security. Significant …

Plants respond to pathogens using elaborate networks of genetic interactions. Recently,
significant progress has been made in understanding RNA silencing and how viruses …