Causal explanations for the 4.2 ka BP event are based on the amalgamation of seasonal
and annual records of climate variability that was manifest across global regions dominated …

The aim of this work is to study the process of transformation of debris-free mountain glaciers
into debris-covered glaciers and rock glaciers, and to examine the factors driving diverging …

The recent retreat of nearly all glaciers and ice caps (GICs) located in Arctic regions is one of
the most clear and visible signs of ongoing climate change. This paper synthesizes …

We review paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic records from the northern North Atlantic to
assess the nature of climatic conditions at 4.2 ka BP, which has been identified as a time of …

Many regions around the world experienced abrupt climate change with far-reaching
societal and environmental effects at ca. 4.2 cal. ka BP. As one of the most distinct climatic …

The objective of this work is to chronologically establish the origin of the different glacial and
rock glacier complex landforms deposited by Héðinsdalsjökull glacier (65° 39′ N, 18° 55 …

Abstract Following the Holocene Thermal Maximum, dated between 11 and 6 ka, the
Neoglacial period was one of the progressive, fluctuating cooling that peaked during the …

A national glacier outline inventory for several different times since the end of the Little Ice
Age (LIA) in Iceland has been created with input from several research groups and …

Paleoclimate reconstructions across Iceland provide a template for past changes in climate
across the northern North Atlantic, a crucial region due to its position relative to the global …

Marine fronts delineate the boundary between distinct water masses and, through the
advection of nutrients, are important facilitators of regional productivity and biodiversity. As …