Modularity is now generally recognized as a fundamental feature of organisms, one that may
have profound consequences for evolution. Modularity has recently become a major focus of …

Phenotypic integration and modularity are ubiquitous features of complex organisms,
describing the magnitude and pattern of relationships among biological traits. A key …

Large‐scale digitization projects such as# ScanAllFishes and oVert are generating high‐
resolution microCT scans of vertebrates by the thousands. Data from these projects are …

Mosaic evolution, which results from multiple influences sha** morphological traits and
can lead to the presence of a mixture of ancestral and derived characteristics, has been …

Modularity has emerged as a central concept for evolutionary biology, thereby providing the
field with a theory of organismal structure and variation. This theory has reframed long …

The field of comparative morphology has entered a new phase with the rapid generation of
high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) data. With freely available 3D data of thousands of …

The study of modularity is paramount for understanding trends of phenotypic evolution, and
for determining the extent to which covariation patterns are conserved across taxa and …

Evolutionary innovations are scattered throughout the tree of life, and have allowed the
organisms that possess them to occupy novel adaptive zones. While the impacts of these …

Factors intrinsic and extrinsic to organisms dictate the course of morphological evolution but
are seldom considered together in comparative analyses. Among vertebrates, squamates …

The olfactory receptor (OR) gene families, which govern mammalian olfaction, have
undergone extensive expansion and contraction through duplication and pseudogenization …