1. BACKGROUND 1.1. Why Condensed Matter Matters: Types and Significance of
Condensed Matter and Surfaces Encountered in the Atmospheric Environment The …

Nitrate is an important component of atmospheric particulate matter and affects air quality,
climate, human health, and the ecosystem. Nitrate was previously considered a permanent …

Snow in the environment acts as a host to rich chemistry and provides a matrix for physical
exchange of contaminants within the ecosystem. The goal of this review is to summarise the …

It has been shown that sunlit snow and ice plays an important role in processing
atmospheric species. Photochemical production of a variety of chemicals has recently been …

The presence of snow greatly perturbs the composition of near-surface polar air, and the
higher concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (OH) observed result in a greater oxidative …

Snow on the ground is a complex multiphase photochemical reactor that dramatically
modifies the chemical composition of the overlying atmosphere. A quantitative description of …

This paper is a tutorial review in the field of atmospheric chemistry. It describes some recent
developments in tropospheric photochemistry in the aqueous phase and on particulate …

While particles have significant deleterious impacts on human health, visibility and climate,
quantitative understanding of their formation, composition and fates remains problematic …

Nitrate photolysis proceeds via two major channels at illumination wavelengths above 290
nm: NO3-+ h ν (+ H+)→ NO2+• OH (1) and NO3-+ h ν→ NO2-+ O (3P)(2). A recent study …

Vertical gradients of NOx, HONO, and HNO3 were measured in the lower 1–2 m above the
snowpack at Summit, Greenland, during summer 2000. These measurements are used with …