A survey of blockchain consensus protocols

J Xu, C Wang, X Jia - ACM Computing Surveys, 2023‏ - dl.acm.org
Blockchain consensus protocols have been a focus of attention since the advent of Bitcoin.
Although classic distributed consensus algorithms made significant contributions to the …

Blockchain censorship

A Wahrstätter, J Ernstberger, A Yaish, L Zhou… - Proceedings of the …, 2024‏ - dl.acm.org
Permissionless blockchains promise resilience against censorship by a single entity. This
suggests that deterministic rules, not third-party actors, decide whether a transaction is …

Ebb-and-flow protocols: A resolution of the availability-finality dilemma

J Neu, EN Tas, D Tse - 2021 IEEE Symposium on Security and …, 2021‏ - ieeexplore.ieee.org
The CAP theorem says that no blockchain can be live under dynamic participation and safe
under temporary network partitions. To resolve this availability-finality dilemma, we formulate …

The economic limits of permissionless consensus

E Budish, A Lewis-Pye, T Roughgarden - Proceedings of the 25th ACM …, 2024‏ - dl.acm.org
An ideal permissionless consensus protocol would, in addition to satisfying standard
consistency and liveness guarantees, render consistency violations prohibitively expensive …

Polygraph: Accountable byzantine agreement

P Civit, S Gilbert, V Gramoli - 2021 IEEE 41st International …, 2021‏ - ieeexplore.ieee.org
In this paper, we introduce Polygraph, the first accountable Byzantine consensus algorithm.
If among n users t<n/3 are malicious then it ensures consensus; otherwise (if t≧n/3), it …

Permissionless consensus

A Lewis-Pye, T Roughgarden - arxiv preprint arxiv:2304.14701, 2023‏ - arxiv.org
Blockchain protocols typically aspire to run in the permissionless setting, in which nodes are
owned and operated by a large number of diverse and unknown entities, with each node …

[PDF][PDF] No more attacks on proof-of-stake ethereum

F D'Amato, J Neu, EN Tas… - arxiv preprint …, 2022‏ - storage.prod.researchhub.com
The latest message driven (LMD) greedy heaviest observed sub-tree (GHOST) consensus
protocol is a critical component of future proof-of-stake (PoS) Ethereum. In its current form …

The availability-accountability dilemma and its resolution via accountability gadgets

J Neu, EN Tas, D Tse - … Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data …, 2022‏ - Springer
For applications of Byzantine fault tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols where the participants
are economic agents, recent works highlighted the importance of accountability: the ability to …

Bitcoin-enhanced proof-of-stake security: Possibilities and impossibilities

EN Tas, D Tse, F Gai, S Kannan… - … IEEE Symposium on …, 2023‏ - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Bitcoin is the most secure blockchain in the world, supported by the immense hash power of
its Proof-of-Work miners. Proof-of-Stake chains are energy-efficient, have fast finality but face …

{IA-CCF}: Individual accountability for permissioned ledgers

A Shamis, P Pietzuch, B Canakci, M Castro… - … USENIX Symposium on …, 2022‏ - usenix.org
Permissioned ledger systems allow a consortium of members that do not trust one another to
execute transactions safely on a set of replicas. Such systems typically use Byzantine fault …