Highlights•Biofilms may have evolved as an adaptive response to environmental
stresses.•Biofilm formation is a complex process involving sophisticated regulatory …

Staphylococci, with the leading species Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus
epidermidis, are the most frequent causes of infections on indwelling medical devices. The …

Studies from the 1960s indicated that increased microbial diversity and a succession in the
predominant bacterial species in plaque correlate with the appearance of gingival …

Bacteria form multicellular communities known as biofilms that cause two thirds of all
infections and demonstrate a 10 to 1000 fold increase in adaptive resistance to conventional …

One of the key elements in the establishment and maintenance of the biofilm structure and
properties is the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is composed of water and …

Biofilms are complex three-dimensional structures formed at interfaces by the vast majority
of bacteria and fungi. These robust communities have an important detrimental impact on a …

Despite efforts to develop new antibiotics, antibacterial resistance still develops too fast for
drug discovery to keep pace. Often, resistance against a new drug develops even before it …

Biofilms are matrix‐enclosed microbial aggregates that adhere to a biological or
nonbiological surface. Biofilm formation is a significant problem in the medical, food, and …

Microbiological contamination in the food industry is often attributed to the presence of
biofilms in processing plants. Bacterial biofilms are complex communities of bacteria …

We found that Acinetobacter baumannii contains a pgaABCD locus that encodes proteins
that synthesize cell-associated poly-β-(1-6)-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG). Both a mutant …