Complex coacervation is an associative, liquid–liquid phase separation that can occur in
solutions of oppositely-charged macromolecular species, such as proteins, polymers, and …

Abstract Poly (α-l-lysine)(PLL) is a class of water-soluble, cationic biopolymer composed of α-
l-lysine structural units. The previous decade witnessed tremendous progress in the …

Polyelectrolyte complex coacervates of homologous (co) polyelectrolytes with a near-ideally
random distribution of a charged and neutral ethylene oxide comonomer were synthesized …

Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is an emerging and universal mechanism for
intracellular organization, particularly, by forming membraneless organelles (MLOs) hosting …

The molecular chemical structure has a decisive influence on physicochemical properties of
polymer materials, which becomes more complex for hydrogels with dense associative …

Charged polymers are ubiquitous in biological systems because electrostatic interactions
can drive complicated structure formation and respond to environmental parameters such as …

Polyelectrolyte complexes are a fascinating class of soft materials that can span the full
spectrum of mechanical properties from low-viscosity fluids to glassy solids. This spectrum …

Polyelectrolytes may be classified into two primary categories (strong and weak) depending
on how their charge state responds to the local environment. Both of these find use in many …

Coacervation is a liquid–liquid phase separation that can occur in solutions of
macromolecules through self-assembly or electrostatic interactions. Recently, coacervates …

Polyampholytes, which contain both positive and negative charges along the backbone,
represent a classical model system for certain types of 'intrinsically-disordered …