Advances in the treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have dramatically
improved survival rates over the past 10 years, but HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders …

Macrophage/microglia (M∅) are the principal immune cells in the central nervous system
(CNS) concomitant with inflammatory brain disease and play a significant role in the host …

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia with infantile convulsions (PKD/IC) is an episodic
movement disorder with autosomal-dominant inheritance and high penetrance, but the …

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) have been implicated as causative agents in
diseases characterized by inflammation and macrophage activation, such as multiple …

The modern combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) for human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) infection has substantially lowered the incidence of HIV-associated dementia (HAD) …

Movement disorders are a potential neurologic complication of acquired immune deficiency
syndrome (AIDS), and may sometimes represent the initial manifestation of HIV infection …

Background The diagnosis of psychogenic paroxysmal movement disorders (PPMD) can be
challenging, in particular their distinction from the primary paroxysmal dyskinesias (PxD) …

The nucleoside adenosine has been shown to control the production of proinflammatory
molecules through its actions on cell surface purine receptors. Previously, we have reported …

Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is defined as the period from
initial infection with HIV to complete seroconversion. Neurologic sequelae of primary HIV-1 …

Clinically relevant movement disorders are identified in 3% of patients with HIV infection
seen at tertiary referral centres. In the same setting, prospective follow-up shows that 50% of …