This review describes the principles and practices involved in the calculation of intraocular
lens (IOL) power. The theories behind formulas for calculating IOL power are described …

Most human eyes show at least a small degree of corneal astigmatism and it can arise from
both surfaces of the cornea. The shape of the anterior corneal surface provides no definitive …

PURPOSE: To determine the contribution of posterior corneal astigmatism to total corneal
astigmatism and the error in estimating total corneal astigmatism from anterior corneal …

This book describes the optical structure and optical properties of the human eye. For ease
of reference, the most commonly useful topics are at the beginning and topics with narrower …

There is a need for a schematic eye that models vision accurately under various conditions
such as refractive surgical procedures, contact lens and spectacle wear, and near vision …

PURPOSE: To determine the shape and astigmatism of the posterior corneal surface in a
healthy population with age, using Scheimpflug photography corrected for distortion due to …

We measured optical and biometric parameters of emmetropic eyes as a function of age.
There were approximately 20 subjects each in age groups 18–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59 …

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively evaluate the changes in anterior and posterior corneal
curvatures of eyes with keratoconus. DESIGN: Case-control retrospective and observational …

Data from the author's investigations and other studies are used to construct refractive
dependent models. These models include a gradient index lens and aspheric corneal, lens …

Purpose: To obtain the shape of the posterior corneal surface in a healthy population, using
Scheimpflug photography corrected for distortion due to the geometry of the Scheimpflug …