Considering that life on earth evolved about 3.7 billion years ago, vertebrates are young,
appearing in the fossil record during the Cambrian explosion about 542 to 515 million years …

The progesterone receptor (PR) mediates progesterone regulation of female reproductive
physiology, as well as gene transcription in non-reproductive tissues, such as brain, bone …

Stress and reproduction are both essential functions for vertebrate survival, ensuring on one
side adaptative responses to environmental changes and potential life threats, and on the …

It is unknown whether and how osmoregulation is controlled by corticosteroid signaling in
the phylogenetically basal vertebrate group Agnatha, including lampreys and hagfishes. It is …

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are key transcription factors that originated in the common ancestor
of metazoans. The vast majority of NRs are triggered by binding to either endogenous (eg …

We identified five distinct full-length human mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) genes
containing either 984 amino acids (MR-984) or 988 amino acids (MR-988), which can be …

The study of the reproductive aspects of chondrichthyans through the analysis of steroid
hormones has been carried out for more than five decades in several species around the …

The functional evolution of ancient proteins has recently been reconstructed using molecular
phylogeny, and the activity of the deduced molecules can be tested. Unfortunately, the world …

Aldosterone, the main physiological mineralocorticoid in humans and other terrestrial
vertebrates, first appears in lungfish, which are lobe-finned fish that are forerunners of …

Hormonal influence on hepatic function is a critical aspect of whole-body energy balance in
vertebrates. Catecholamines and corticosteroids both influence hepatic energy balance via …