[HTML][HTML] Metal additive manufacturing in structural engineering–review, advances, opportunities and outlook

L Gardner - Structures, 2023 - Elsevier
Although still in its infancy, metal additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing has now arrived
at a scale suitable for use in construction. The new technology offers the potential for …

Mechanical behavior of austenitic stainless steels produced by wire arc additive manufacturing

MT Chen, Z Gong, T Zhang, W Zuo, Y Zhao, O Zhao… - Thin-Walled …, 2024 - Elsevier
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is an innovative technology with the potential to
drive the transformation and upgrading of metallic manufacturing industry and construction …

[HTML][HTML] Environmental life cycle assessment of wire arc additively manufactured steel structural components

IH Shah, N Hadjipantelis, L Walter, RJ Myers… - Journal of Cleaner …, 2023 - Elsevier
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) enables the production of structural components
with topologically optimised geometries thus leading to significant self-weight reductions for …

[HTML][HTML] Fatigue testing and analysis of steel plates manufactured by wire-arc directed energy deposition

C Huang, L Li, N Pichler, E Ghafoori, L Susmel… - Additive …, 2023 - Elsevier
Wire-arc directed energy deposition (DED), also known as wire-arc additive manufacturing
(WAAM), is a metal 3D printing technique that is recognised for its high efficiency, cost …

[HTML][HTML] Stress-strain curves for wire arc additively manufactured steels

C Huang, P Kyvelou, L Gardner - Engineering Structures, 2023 - Elsevier
Interest in the use of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) in construction has increased
rapidly in recent years. Key to facilitating wider application is an improved understanding of …

[HTML][HTML] Optimisation and testing of wire arc additively manufactured steel stub columns

X Meng, B Weber, M Nitawaki, L Gardner - Thin-Walled Structures, 2023 - Elsevier
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), a method of directed energy deposition (DED) for
metal 3D printing, is capable of producing intricate parts at a relatively high rate and low …

[HTML][HTML] I-section steel columns strengthened by wire arc additive manufacturing-concept and experiments

L Gardner, J Li, X Meng, C Huang, P Kyvelou - Engineering Structures, 2024 - Elsevier
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a method of metal 3D printing which, when
strategically combined with traditional methods of manufacture, has the potential to make a …

Fatigue crack growth behaviour of wire arc additively manufactured steels

C Huang, Y Zheng, T Chen, E Ghafoori… - International Journal of …, 2023 - Elsevier
Combining welding technology with robotics, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is
emerging as a viable method of construction. To facilitate its wider application, in particular …

[HTML][HTML] Cross-sectional behaviour of wire arc additively manufactured tubular beams

C Huang, X Meng, L Gardner - Engineering Structures, 2022 - Elsevier
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising metal 3D printing technique in the
construction industry for its ability to produce large and complex-shaped elements, with …

[HTML][HTML] Hybrid construction featuring wire arc additive manufacturing: review, concepts, challenges and opportunities

X Meng, L Gardner - Engineering Structures, 2025 - Elsevier
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) offers a level of geometric flexibility and automation
that has yet to be seen in construction, and brings new opportunities to optimise material use …