Persistence in and timely disengagement from personal goals are core components of
successful self-regulation and therefore relevant to well-being and performance. In the …

We review conceptual arguments and research on the role of asymmetric frontal cortical
activity in emotional and motivational processes. The current article organizes and reviews …

Cognitive effort has been implicated in numerous theories regarding normal and aberrant
behavior and the physiological response to engagement with demanding tasks. Yet, despite …

Why does performing certain tasks cause the aversive experience of mental effort and
concomitant deterioration in task performance? One explanation posits a physical resource …

Brehm's motivational intensity theory has been a fruitful conceptual framework for research
on effort during the last three decades. Researchers have used the theory to address …

Influential theories in psychology, neuroscience, and economics assume that the exertion of
mental effort should feel aversive. Yet, this assumption is usually untested, and it is …

When someone asks,“How do you feel?”, your answer includes your bodily feelings as well
as your emotional feelings. Influential models of emotion view the embodiment of emotions …

A force-field theory of motivated cognition is presented and applied to a broad variety of
phenomena in social judgment and self-regulation. Purposeful cognitive activity is assumed …

There have been many studies attempting to disentangle the relation between motivation
and mental fatigue. Mental fatigue occurs after performing a demanding task for a prolonged …

Effort and the perception of effort (PE) have been extensively studied across disciplines,
resulting in multiple definitions. These inconsistencies block scientific progress by impeding …