Biofilm formation on surfaces via microbial colonization causes infections and has become a
major health issue globally. The biofilm lifestyle provides resistance to environmental …

Biofilm refers to the complex, sessile communities of microbes found either attached to a
surface or buried firmly in an extracellular matrix as aggregates. The biofilm matrix …

Lichens represent self-supporting symbioses, which occur in a wide range of terrestrial
habitats and which contribute significantly to mineral cycling and energy flow at a global …

The use of implantable medical devices is a common and indispensable part of medical
care for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. However, as side effect, the implant of …

Biofilm-associated bacteria are less sensitive to antibiotics than free-living (planktonic) cells.
Furthermore, with variations in the concentration of antibiotics throughout a biofilm, microbial …

Bacterial colonization in the form of biofilms on surfaces causes persistent infections and is
an issue of considerable concern to healthcare providers. There is an urgent need for novel …

Innovation in biomedical science is always a field of interest for researchers. Drug delivery,
being one of the key areas of biomedical science, has gained considerable significance …

Biofilms are matrix‐enclosed microbial aggregates that adhere to a biological or
nonbiological surface. Biofilm formation is a significant problem in the medical, food, and …

Biofilms play a pivotal role in healthcare-associated infections, especially those related to
the implant of medical devices, such as intravascular catheters, urinary catheters and …

Lichens have been concerned by many researchers because of their unique secondary
metabolites. However, the research on edible lichens is still lacking. This review collected …