Metastatic disease is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths and involves critical
interactions between tumor cells and the microenvironment. Hypoxia is a potent …

Abnormal blood and lymphatic vessels create a hostile tumor microenvironment
characterized by hypoxia, low pH, and elevated interstitial fluid pressure. These …

The complex cross‐talk of intricate intercellular signaling networks between the tumor and
stromal cells promotes cancer progression. Hypoxia is one of the most common conditions …

Background & Aims Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a hypoxic,
immunosuppressive stroma that contributes to its resistance to immune checkpoint blockade …

Oxygen is essentially required by most eukaryotic organisms as a scavenger to remove
harmful electron and hydrogen ions or as a critical substrate to ensure the proper execution …

Phenotypic heterogeneity of cancer cells, cell biological context, heterotypic crosstalk and
the microenvironment are key determinants of the multistep process of tumor development …

During mammalian embryonic development, primary cilia transduce and regulate several
signaling pathways. Among the various pathways, Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is one of the most …

With 5-year survival rates remaining constant at 6% and rising incidences associated with
an epidemic in obesity and metabolic syndrome, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal disease with limited response to
cytotoxic chemoradiotherapy, as well as newer immunotherapies. The PDA tumor …

Pancreatic cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the digestive system and is
known as the “king of cancers”. It is extremely difficult to diagnose at an early stage, the …